A transmission is an equipment that is part of a power transmission system that allows for the controlled application of electricity. The term “5-speed transmission” is frequently used to refer to the gearbox, which is a device that converts the speed and torque of a rotating power source to another device through the use of gears and gear train conversions.

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While the term transmission refers to the complete powertrain, it comprises components such as the clutch, gearbox, prop shaft (when used in conjunction with a rear-wheel-drive vehicle), differential, and final drive shafts, among others. In America, the phrase is sometimes used in casual speech to refer more explicitly to the gearbox alone, and the term’s precise meaning varies depending on where you are in the country.

It is most typically seen in automobiles, where it is responsible for transferring the output of the internal combustion engine to the rotational motion of the drive wheels. Such engines must function at a relatively high rotational speed, which makes them unsuitable for applications such as starting, halting, and traveling at a slower speed. 

Transmissions are capable of increasing torque while simultaneously decreasing engine speeds by reducing higher engine speed and increasing slower wheel speed. Additionally, transmissions are utilized on pedal bicycles, stationary machines, and other applications where various rotational speeds and torques are required.

An automatic gearbox may have several different gear ratios (or simply “gears”) and the ability to move between them when the vehicle’s speed changes. 

A choice is available between manual and automatic modes of operation (by a control unit). Also possible is directional (forward and reverse) control of the flow of the fluid. Single-ratio gearboxes are also available, which simply alter the motor’s speed and torque (and, in certain cases, the direction of the motor’s output).