The majority of toilets are constructed of the special clay called Porcelain (Vitreous China) and water. Very few toilets such as those used in prisons are constructed from steel. In terms of the toilets over the centuries since they first came into use they are constructed from porcelain clay. The reason is that the material used to make toilets requires a variety of tasks. The materials used in the construction of toilets should be:

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1.) Can be easily and affordably formed into a shape

2.) Be watertight

3.) Clean easily cleaned and hygiene-conscious

4.) Be strong

5) Not affected by temperature changes

6) The vitreous or porcelain clay is a winner in all six aspects. 

The manufacturing process for toilets using vitreous china clay is quite straightforward. The clay extracted is then placed into molds, cured with glaze, and then passed through the kiln. It’s an easy and relatively cheap process to make.

You may be wondering why toilets aren’t made out of plastic or steel. Since plastic is cheap, products are on the market. The toilets used in jails are constructed out of steel. Making toilets with plastic is expensive. Plastic products are manufactured by the extrusion process or by injection molding. It’s extremely difficult to construct a full complex, intricate structure like toilets using the present manufacturing methods for plastic. Plastic is also flexible. It is likely to collapse under our weight, however it may be a bit stiff and the way the user feels about it is important. 

Steel is extremely durable, extremely rigid and robust. The issue is the public perception and experience for the user. The steel is at a risk of being affected by temperature fluctuations. On a cold day, it can freeze your bump. You can cover it with wood or plastic, but it doesn’t look right. Steel toilets don’t have the luxurious look and feel of a good porcelain finish for your toilet. This is why toilets are composed of a majority from vitreous china and porcelain clay, the same way they were back in the beginning of their manufacture hundreds of years ago.